endobj /Type /XObject /Type /ExtGState NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off. Introduction to Relay. Electric energy is one of the fundamental resources of modern industrial society. stream INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTIVE RELAYING. Reed relays contain a reed switch, a coil for creating a magnetic field, an optional diode for handling back EMF from the coil, a package and a method of connecting to the reed switch and the coil to outside of the package. control test switch 8781 34.5 w bus differential relay sel-587z sel relay control test sv.qrch 2ts12 sÉl-587z high-impedance differential relay schweitzer engineering laboratories relay control test switch 2ts13 . Some are called VOX (voice- operated) relays because they actuate when we speak into the microphone. Their design is based on the use of analogue electronic devices instead of coils and magnets to create the relay … /ColorSpace /DeviceGray <>stream line differential relay sel-311l sel te7l-p relay control test switch its-2 differential protection and automation system schweitzer va engineering laboratories current & potential test switch 1 vc ia. Relays are remote control electrical switches that are controlled by another switch, such as a horn switch or a computer as in a power train control module. 1.1 Basic ideas of Relay Protection A good electric power system should ensure the availability of electrical power without any interruption to every load connected to it. ]47���f|�1��`�����Lf6K���~͟��Y��0���Ho�G}�ׯ?�}|���!׻�=��}����Qw��[[S��G�%7\��{�V׳��d{�ܰb+3N��d�w����^V���h�iZzJC�X�l���(��N �r`q��'X�]�#�˹��y�ʽ_��p_�*���L���,&��B��y‹,�����2���(/�'��O�"���C��X֨�W�eu��8S��ߞEy�hn_(_�!.q) ��"+�Zv�GLO���;�SeM\x>27PKY��HL�����QI.�nś��nW�6���0�N�^��f��_��p���+���;Mڪ�v%��O$z!��bF��fj'd�>l�0�Qtv����*J�! [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] The definition is: Activating the contact unit using electromagnetic attraction, which is produced when electric current exceeding the specified value flows to the electromagnet; the voltage and current (input signal) applied to the coil opens or shuts the contact. /Type /XObject endobj Eric Scace, an engineer at Sprint International, invented Frame Relay as a simpler version of the X.25 protocol to use across Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) interfaces. protection shape) of distance relays is the mho characteristic, a circular type reach characteristic. relay to provide magnetism in the zero current position. SSRs, however, employ semiconductor switching elements, such as thyristors, B3�y&3�?澮�~�������g�?23333333333+�pkmk��;KW����������� /BitsPerComponent 8 - A relay so designed that a bar actuates several contacts simultaneously. /SMask 6 0 R Relay logic basically consists of relays wired up in a particular fashion to perform the desired switching operations. /Length 7 0 R It has two basic contacts i.e. >> Technical Explanation for Solid-state Relays Introduction What Is a Solid State Relay? << endobj %���� endobj /SA true << Biased relay. - A relay in which the characteristics are modified by the introduction of some quantity other than the actuating quantity, and which is usually in opposition to the actuating quantity. When input voltage is applied across its coil, NC changes to NO and NO changes to NC. /Height 2471 The relay logic control works efficiently to perform basic ON/OFF operations by opening or closing the relay contacts but it involves a humongous wiring. /Subtype /Image endobj relays. Relays are /ColorSpace /DeviceGray 7 0 obj Relay Seminar Report with PPT and PDF Free Download: An electrical switch which uses an electromagnet to move a switch from off position to on position instead of using a person to move switch is called as a relay.Very less amount of power is utilized in turning on a relay and it also has the ability to control something which draws a huge amount of power. �;�%�����������Yg¸�����������&�����������Yj¸�����������6_�|�3Z��\53333333333j��K�7���a|o����G�'����/ �dr���ߎ��������OW������ �v~~����G+\J?zto2��&. /Height 2471 The factors affecting the choice of protection are type and rating of equipment, location of the equipment, types of funks, abnormal /BitsPerComponent 8 October 2, 2014 By Anjali Sethiya . Abnormal Operation - Electrical equipment … Every part of the power system is protected. In a protection relay, the term ‘static’ refers to the absence of moving parts to create the relay characteristic. 4. PROTECTIVE RELAYING. Protective Relays Introduction Protective Relaying is one of the several features of the power system design. Protective relay Wikipedia (PDF) Protective Relays Mohamed Mashooth Academia.edu. Relays allow a small current With the help of this article I have tried to explain two things. /Creator (��) /Width 1971 endobj NO (Normally Open) and NC (Normally Closed). stream Relay technology. /SMask 12 0 R %PDF-1.4 The definition is: Activating the contact unit using electromagnetic attraction, which is produced when electric current exceeding the specified value flows to the electromagnet; the voltage and current (input signal) applied to the coil opens or shuts the contact. Types of protection relays are mainly based on their characteristic, logic, on actuating parameter and operation mechanism. - Contacts which interrupt one circuit before /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB In order to understand the function of protective relaying systems, one must be familiar with the nature and the modes of operation of an electric power system. 1. 54 2. P. GOPALA KRISHNA ADE/400KV/APTRANSCO Power Systems Protection -Introduction Power Systems stream /Subtype /Image These are operated to open or close the load contacts in response to one or more electrical quantities like voltage and current. /CreationDate (D:20140305093158Z) They are used in various circuits and many of us have problem of how to use a relay. /Filter /FlateDecode Distance relays have a settable maximum torque angle (mta), which is the angle of the current compared to the angle of the voltage at which the relay is most sensitive. In terms of operation, SSRs are not very different fr om mechanical relays that have moving contacts. In the drawing on the right, the mta is approximately 75 degrees. /Subtype /Image << Introduction to DHCP Relay. The relay is a well known and widely used component Applications range from classic panel built control systems to modem interfaces between control microprocessors and their power circuits or any application where reliable galvanic separation is … We know that most of the high end industrial application devices have relays for their effective working. The circuit incorporates relays along with other components such as switches, motors, timers, actuators, contactors etc. Based on operation mechanism protection relay can be categorized as electromagnetic relay, static relay and mechanical relay. /Type /XObject Working of relay. >> Electric power is available to the user 6 0 obj An introduction to Reed Relay basics (Part 1): Reed Relay Basics. NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on. UNIT I - INTRODUCTION OF RELAYS. << /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /SMask /None>> The relay is an automatic protective and switching device which is capable of sensing abnormal conditions in electrical circuits. Introduction and Architecture of Numerical Relay April 25, 2018 September 29, 2016 by admin Most of us are aware of Electromagnetic Relays and Static Relays but most us may not be well acquainted with Numerical Relay. 8 0 obj /Filter /FlateDecode how to /l//east//up i/o//aoe and : analog inputs /Length 15 0 R Normal operation - It involves requirements for supplying the existing load and a certain amount of anticipated future load. x��� ���H��dBP��m%�6 �q. (IA/ICTL/IAC) [60] field relay (power system device function numbers) A relay that functions on a given or abnormally low value or failure of machine field current, or on an excessive value /BitsPerComponent 8 12 0 obj A relay that functions to prevent overheating of the field excitation winding by reducing or interrupting the excitation of the shunt field. /Width 1971 x���_d�#��P�(ъ�Z�WL!��P�~���T���!��ވO�� �^�Kendstream /CA 1.0 In the middle you see a cloud with an icon you probably haven’t seen before. [�212��~��Y >$�8tz;QtL�wX����‚}TQ��8�.��J�R�=����r�^,~�I�ֱ�옣����x��(6k�����/�͐�l�Q����Òj`Nd��^��4�6�J1���С��:S�b{�.�6ć���,h+�����+k�6ɴA�,��z��M��R>�.V���?HU�C���A�U���sC'�M@y��D`G�(dX�6�S�0��_9�t��3MOs����ڪ�\�녣e e7tip relay control test sel- 387a . stream The TR (transmit-receive) relays in our ham radio transceivers are examples of devices ROTARY SWITCHES TOGGLE SWITCHES SLIDE that are controlled by the circuit within the transceiver. 2 0 obj 9 0 obj /Width 16 This icon is the frame relay switch. /AIS false Introduction of static relays began in the early 1960’s. /Type /XObject /Title (�� I n t r o d u c t i o n t o S t a t i c P r o t e c t i o n R e l a y s) >> 3 0 obj INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION SYSTEM SARIATI Page 9 The relay's switch connections are usually labelled COM, NC and NO: COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch. This can be a plunger being drawn towards the solenoid or an armature being attracted towards the poles of an electromagnet, as shown in the figure. 14 0 obj Relay is a very important device now days. 9629 It uses electromagnetism from small voltage to provide higher voltages. The relay on the right (just above the “Reclose Cutout” switch) is a reclosing relay, designed to automatically trip the circuit breaker in the event of an instantaneous overcurrent event (e.g. A Solid State Relay (SSR) is a re lay that does not have a moving contact. /Length 13 0 R Simply put, /ca 1.0 Relay accomplishes this with static queries and ahead-of-time code generation. Introduction to protective relaying 1.1 What is relaying? <>/Contents 2 0 R >>endobj /BitsPerComponent 8 Relays are used in a wide variety of applications like electric power systems, home appliances, automobiles, industrial equipments, digital computers, etc. %PDF-1.4 endobj A DHCP relay agent is a host that forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers that do not reside on a shared physical subnet. These relays can work with both AC and DC supply and attract a metal bar or a piece of metal when power is supplied to the coil. /Filter /FlateDecode << See also: relay. /Producer (�� w k h t m l t o p d f) TYPES OF RELAY INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTIVE RELAYING WHAT IS PROTECTIVE RELAYING? /Height 16 Relay agent forwarding is distinct from the normal forwarding of an IP router where … D-c offset, effect on induction relays, 32, 39 overreach of distance relays, 82, 350 overreach of overcurrent relays, 308 time constant, 279 D-c relays, single-quantity, 22 directional, 24, 49 Differential relays, 63 see also Percentagedifferential relays Directional-comparison relaying, for bus protection, 277 principle of operation, 106 When we View INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION & RELAYS PPT.pdf from EEE 56 at JNTU College of Engineering. the relay to switch on or off automatically. Actually, a relay is nothing but a combination of one or more open or closed contacts. endobj >> 1 0 obj Introduction to Relays. 3 Frame Relay 3.0.1 Introduction Frame Relay is a high-performance WAN protocol that operates at the physical and Data Link layers of the OSI reference model. This p roduces a retarding effect on motion of the rotor in either di rection. /SM 0.02 v�z4�,W��vWg����Y?�*$�m-� ��R}q3$!8{��6�!��N~�܁�V=���+V�%!�I�m�G�Ƒ�Sۙ�� a��%spM�Ru�b�-����ݠ���?�X1�V%ƕ�?�q�����QGUj�n�`�0}]?o�N��6���Ԣ;N��0�$��U�@�fEPq��{U���PYkӒ.���\L-�&(�.��r�+����*�ٷ�9_�H�Ee�' GA�Y_���M�� % �R�U����z%Z�^�+W����J � �;+Z�G�>�ژ_"�ƅ��vp�;ʹ���3�|m�K~8�gE$��w0U�ޠߒQS�^��������]k,,~OcK�G���K`;O`%�՚�?1g9�T\��O�n�̀���^��#��j]��Y�+�P�Ppt����a)~%�Y-Z�(`��Lp�~�!�nA[�����%P�`�`��$����S���f����H��^V��0�"ܩ��L� RELAYING PRINCIPLES. This is a picture of frame relay and it works a bit different. >> 4 0 obj 'OF�c��a� �Og�x02|�9�5C�0�*�CqtjTU{���b�������*2 �p�R�Dv�k%6V�[��F:�i$��*���nɈI�6x��0:�6. Break-before-make Contacts. 13 0 obj /Length 9 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode /Width 16 endobj x�k�� �m@��q��4� ����endstream A Relay comprises of an electromagnet and a contact unit. << /Height 16 x��[I�+�����:��ƪ���^d��!��]���{���H:�J���p�mWi8��Α�y����v1���_'���9�������?\~�/˿�����z�˫iI������?��.����f��:�X?�i? Part 1 Introduction. 1 0 obj 28 The idea behind frame relay is that you have a single infrastructure from the service provider and multiple customers are connected to it, effectively sharing everything. React allows views to be defined as components where every component is responsible for rendering a part … A relay comprises of an electromagnet and a contact unit. 18 FUNDAMENTAL RELAY-OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS Time delay is obtained in induction-type relays by a "drag magnet," which is a permanent magnet arranged so that the relay rotor cuts the flux between the poles of the magnet, as shown in Fig. PDF | On Apr 19, 2016, Vladimir Gurevich published Electric Relays: Principles and Applications | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Relay is an switch, which opens and closes the circuit electronically. /Subtype /Image FUNCTION OF PROTECTIVE RELAYING. 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